78-………… . Beyond these stretched vast deserts. Thus, although it wasseveral hundred miles in length, Egypt was only a few miles in breadth.The prosperity of the land depended, naturally, upon the Nile. Alongit, ships brought trade to the towns; from it the villagers obtainedwater, as they still do.
A)The land of ancient Egypt had one of the strangest shapes known to recorded history
B)The people of ancient Egypt lived near the Nile, because it provided much needed water
C)Ancient Egypt consisted of two narrow strips of fertile land, one on each side of the Nile
D)Ancient Egypt was a very large country, although only a small portion of it was habitable
E)Historians agree that the settlement of the Nile valley took a long time, perhaps 2,000 years
79-One of the most important of literature writers have used to expresstheir ideas over the last two centuries is the novel. Traditionally anovel is a story about a group of characters, where and how they live,and their relationship with each other. Usually the story has abeginning, a middle, and an end. …………. . By the time the novel isfinished, all the loose parts are tied up, and often the good livehappily ever after while the bad are punished.
A)Some critics consider Fielding's "Tom Jones" to be the first true English novel
B)The novel as a long prose fiction story was established early in the 17th century by Miguel de Cervantes in his ‘Don Quixote'
C)Though considered a Western European invention, the novel has spread to many African and Asian societies.
D)Psychological novels are stories in which the primary focus is on theworkings of the mind in the leading character or characters
E)That is, some kind of problem is stated in the opening of the novel which is worked out through the book and solved at the end
80-Many strange stories are told of the Galapagos Islands in thePacific Ocean. Whalers and pirates took shelter there. The latter aresupposed to have buried treasure there. Other stories tell of the gianttortoises that inhabit the island. ………….. . The word means tortoises inSpanish.
A) Whether these were real or merely mythological is impossible to tell
B)These slow-moving creatures gave the name Galapagos to the islands
C)The Galapagos Islands are home to many fascinating species of wildlife
D)There are still more stories and legends about other strange creatures
E) Skeletons of these creatures may still be seen all over 'this remote island
81-The element lithium was discovered in 1817. Since then it has beenused as a cure for gout, epilepsy, diabetes, and, most recently, torelieve depression. However, there is a drawback. ………… . The poisonbuilds up in the body until it causes impaired vision and speech,vomiting and nausea. Coma and death can follow.
A)It is the lightest solid element of them all
B)It has been classified as an' illegal drug
C)A slight overdose is enough to cause problems
D)Temporary side effects have been known to occur
E)This should not prevent 1ts~careful use
82-Rockets have a long history. …………. . However, the missile agerecently began during World War II, when German scientists developedflying bombs which almost won the war for their country. Theirdevelopment of the V-1 and V-2 rockets, the most terrible weapons knownuntil that time, became the basis for much of the subsequent rocketresearch.
A)As early as the 13th century the Chinese used them as military weapons
B)Rockets will be able to take man to a variety of planets in the future
C) During the First World War, none of the armies had the use of rockets
D)They are used today to power extremely fast experimental land vehicles
E)NASA's space shuttles use them to take off, but return to the Earth without them
83-Twenty years ago, senior managers might have been protected fromunimportant memos by their juniors. …………..most managing directors havee-mail on their desktops, voice mail on their phones, businessbriefings on their computer screens and pagers on their belts, they areas open to overload as anyone.
A)Since the onset of the technological revolution, this has no longer been the case
B)Their secretaries open their mail and put it into their in-trays
C)Nowadays, the office memo is more vital than ever
D)Firms are trying to improve the situation by issuing guidelines
E)This meant they did not receive large amounts of vital information
84-Stonehenge is the most important ancient ruin in the British Isles,situated on Salisbury Plain, not far from the town of Salisbury. Themonument is made up of two large circles of huge stones, in the centreof which are tall columns and a l5-foot blue stone block. Its originsare unknown……….. However, no scientific data have been advanced tosupport this theory.
A)Historians have always been interested in this mysterious ruin
B)It is known that the stone was brought to Salisbury from Wales
C)There are a lot of myths about the possible origins of the structure
D)Legend tells us that it was used for sun-worship by the Druids
E)Stonehenge was given to the nation by Sir Cecil Chubb in 1918
85-Judo is based on the ancient Japanese techniques known as ju-jitsu.It is practised in many countries, and since 1964 has been an event ofthe Olympic Games, ………… . In the former, each contestant pits hisstrength against the other. In judo, the art is to let one's adversarydo all the work, using his strength, mistakenly applied, to bring abouthis own defeat.
A)A black belt indicates attainment of the highest level of skill
B)The Japanese are still the most skilful practitioners of judo
C)The summer Olympic Games are held every leap year
D)Not only men, but also women and children are increasingly interested in judo
E)Though they look similar, it is important to distinguish between wrestling and judo
86-…………… . This is attained by freeing oneself from all desires. It isthe goal of Buddhist religious exercises and disciplines and is seen tobe complete happiness, free from pain and suffering and from therestlessness and heat of emotions. The complete attainment of Nirvanais supposed to free the individual from the chain of reincarnation.
A)Most religions require great discipline from their followers
B)The history of Tibetan Buddhism can be divided into three periods
C)Buddhism is unique among religions in a number of ways
D)Complete happiness is the aim of many religions
E)For Buddhists, Nirvana represents perfect peace
87-CPR is the modern term for artificial respiration. It is onlyrequired when the victim has suffered a loss of breathing or heartbeat.The first step in determining whether breathing and heartbeat havestopped is to go to the victim and shout, 'Are you okay?' …………. .Still, the person who doesn't reply may only have fainted, so, as thesecond step. you should continue by listening for breathing to makesure whether CPR is necessary.
A)Lastly check the persons pulse rate
B) Place the victim on a hard, flat surface in order to administer CPR
C)C9ntinue to administer CPR until a doctor can take over from you
D)If you get an answer to this, then obviously, the person is not in need of CPR
E)If there is no reply, CPR is required and should be administered immediately
88-The Ice Age is our 'most recent' geological period, beginning about2 million years ago and lasting until about 10 or 20 thousand yearsago. During this time, great continental glaciers formed in NorthAmerica and
Northern Europe. ………… . In fact, the ice advanced and retreated at least four times, alternating with mild intervals.
A)Many mammals became extinct in this era
B)However, the climate was not uniformly cold
C)No explanation has been generally accepted
D)It is also known as the Pleistocene period
E)Manhattan Island was a rock moved by glaciers
89-Recently there has been a revolution in the attitude of blue-marlinfishermen. Put simply, blue-marlin fishing is no longer a blood sport.………., because they don't kill the fish any more. It is enough for themjust to tag a marlin: reeling it close, marking it and putting it backinto the water, in order to fight another day.
A) Earnest Hemingway was extremely fond of blue-marlin fishing
B) Fishermen rarely seek an obligatory photo beside their dead fish hooked up over the dock
C) Only the rich indulge in blue-marlin fishing because of the time and expense involved
D) In Britain, blood sports attract almost as many protectors as hunters
E) Some people say that an instinct for hunting has been handed down to us by our ancestors.
90-In rural Albania, it can be easier to find heavy artillery than tofind a telephone. Therefore, when a quick-thinking villager needed tocall the police to the scene of an accident, he used what was handy.……….The police appreciated his idea enough not to arrest him. They did,however, take away the gun.
A)This points out just how convenient It can be to have a mobile telephone
B)It was lucky that there happened to be a telephone nearby
C)There is a great deal of weaponry left over from the days when Albania was invaded
D)This happened to be his very own anti-aircraft gun
E)There are not very many police, either, in rural Albania
91-Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, the youngest child of the author NathanielHawthorne, also began a literary career, publishing several works.…………… . Under her leadership, two homes for sufferers of incurablecancer were opened in New York.
A)She wrote 'A Story of Courage' with her husband in 1894
B)Rose spent an enjoyable childhood with all the pleasures of refined surroundings
C)She married George P. Lathrop in 1871
D)Her father wrote the renowned novel, 'The Scarlet Letter'
E)But later, she became a nun, devoting her life to caring for the terminally ill
92-In recent years, there has been an advance in the technique known astransplant surgery. This means the replacement of a diseased or damagedpart of the body by a healthy one from another person. ………… . This isbecause our bodies' natural defence against any invader, as with atransplanted organ, is to attempt to destroy it.
A) People can now carry "organ donor" cards, giving permission for their organs to be used after their death
B)The biggest stumbling block in this area of medicine, however, has been the body itself
C)There are even transplants from certain animals to humans
D)Occasionally, there are moving stories of parents who donate their organs to their dying children
E)Only a few years ago, no one would have believed this possible
93-Margarine was introduced into the United States in 1874 andimmediately aroused the opposition of the dairy industry. Taxes wereimposed on the substance; in some states, yellow-coloured margarinecould not be sold; and federal laws required, among other strict rules,that restaurants serving margarine post a conspicuous notice of thatfact. ……………, and now Americans eat as much margarine as butter.
A)However, the consumption of margarine has grown
B)Later types of margarine used animal fats and vegetable oils
C)Laws vary from state to state, but serious crimes are referred to as federal crimes
D)Whale oil was used originally for lamp fuel and later as an ingredient of other products
E)However rapid societal changes created a demand for fast food restaurants
94-Medgar Evers was the first field secretary of the NationalAssociation for the Advancement of Coloured People in the state ofMississippi. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, he registered blackvoters and organised boycotts of firms that practised racialdiscrimination. ………….. . A white supremacist, Byron De la Beckwith wastried three times for the murder. The first two trials ended in amistrial but he was finally convicted and sentenced to lifeimprisonment in 1994.
A)In 1963, he was shot and killed by a sniper in front of his home
B)Of the total population of Mississippi, thirty-five percent is black
C)In that same year, more than 200,000 blacks and whites marched to the Lincoln Memorial
D)Racial segregation in South Africa is known as apartheid
E)Abraham Lincoln effectively freed all slaves in the Emancipation Proclamation
95-It is a windy, clear afternoon on the Gulf of Mexico, 70 miles outfrom the Texas coast. The water is dull, grey and choppy. The crew aredozing over plates of half eaten mangoes. Suddenly a road bends………… .The fight is on. After 30 minutes of physical to and fro, the sailfishkicks hard and snaps the line. A cheer goes up as big game fishing isnot about who wins, but about the fight.
A)Mangoes are a delicious tropical fruit, especially good when eaten on a boat
B)Two members of the crew begin to quarrel over the mangoes
C)A big sailfish punches out of the water, spreads its blue sail fin and shoots back under the water
D)One of the fastest fishes is the sailfish, which can swim at speeds of up to 68 miles per hour
E)Not surprisingly, they all hate sharks and are eager to kill this one
96-Millions of years ago, there was no life on this planet. ……….. . Itwas just a ball of flaming gases. These gases were in a state ofconsiderable chemical turmoil, reacting together to form and reformchemicals. As time passed the gases cooled, became liquid, andeventually a thin crust was formed over the surface. Beneath thiscrust, the centre of the Earth was, and remains today, a molten mass ofrocks and metals with a solid core.
A)In fact, there was no planet as we would recognise it today
B)Even after life appeared, it was a long time until humans first evolved
C)The first life forms appeared in water
D)There may have been one more planet at the time, which has now become the asteroid belt
E)Even now no one knows if there is life on other planets
97-A super liner like the Queen Elizabeth II, or QE2 for short,contains all the elements of a floating town with a population of about3000. The QE2 can take 2025 passengers, and has a crew of 906, whomaintain the ship and look after the passengers. There are restaurants,a theatre, cinema, and four swimming pools. ……….. . All this is drivenby engines producing 110.000 horse power, giving her a top speed of 30knots, nearly twice the speed of a super tanker.
A)For a time, super liners were thought to be outdated, but now they seem to be making a come-back
B)Passengers on the Queen Elisabeth II can visit a lot of ports all over the world
C)In addition, there is a hospital, a dentist's surgery and a printing plant for the ship's daily newspaper
D)Of Course some people prefer to travel by plane because it is faster and cheaper
E)Under international law, powered vessels of more than 300 gross tons must carry licensed officers
98-Serendib, as the early Arab seamen called the island we know todayas Sri Lanka, may have been the land in one version of Sinbad's SeventhVoyage. In that story, Sinbad was captured by pirates and sold intoslavery to an ivory dealer. ……….. . Eventually the elephants showedSinbad their secret graveyard, so he could obtain the ivory withoutkilling them.
A)Slavery was common until this century and is still practised in some parts of the world today
B)Elephants are said to have amazing memories
C)The ivory trade has decimated the once vast herds of elephants in East Africa
D)The man forced Sinbad to go into the forest every day and kill an elephant for its tusks
E)Though Sinbad is usually described as a "sailor", it would be more correct to call him a "merchant adventurer"
99-………….. . Smokers who we trying to give up were split into twogroups. One group was given acupuncture, specially designed to helpthem stop smoking. Of this group, 31% had given up smoking after threeweeks, while none of the people in the second control group succeededin giving up.
A)Many strange techniques are tried by people attempting to give up smoking
B)Smoking is one of the most serious addictions and is very hard to beat
C)Many doctors are now trying to help their patients to give up smoking
D)Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese practice that involves the use of needles
E)New research has shown that acupuncture can help people stop smoking
100-Viruses are even smaller than bacteria, and are the simplest knownforms of life. ………… . They live as parasites in bacteria, animals andsome plants, Viruses invade the cells of their hosts and simply takethem over. The DNA in the virus takes over the DNA in the host cell andchanges the instructions so that the host produces more viruses. Thereare a large number of diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza,measles and smallpox.
A)We use friendly bacteria to make yoghurt and cheese
B)They are not able to live by themselves
C)Some tulips have a virus infection in their petals which gives them an attractive colour
D)Antibacterial drugs are obtained from living organisms
E)Modern vaccines may contain bacteria or viruses which are dead, or still alive but weakened
101-Born in St Lucia in 1930, Derek Walcott and his twin brotherRoderick were brought up by their mother, a schoolteacher, …………….. .Derek attended school in Jamaica and studied theatre in New York, thenreturned to the Caribbean to found and direct the Trinidad TheatreWorkshop in 1959. In addition to having published 18 volumes of poetry,he wrote 40 plays and several screenplays. In 1992, he won the Nobelprise for literature.
A)so almost all literature has been produced by descendants of people brought to the region as slaves
B)since the 1950s, a large number of people have emigrated from the Caribbean to Britain
C)however, the Caribbean is better-known for cricket than for literary figures
D)whereas sugar and rum are the main agricultural products of the region
E)because their father, an amateur poet and painter, died when they were a year old
102-………….. . It was designed and built during World War II to break thecomplex code used between the German High Command and front-lineforces. The first model was demonstrated at Blectcley Park, the Britishforces intelligence centre, in December 1943, with a faster version inoperation by June1944, days before D Day. Historians believe that thecode-breaking made possible by Colossus shortened the war by two years.
A)The tank has become one of the most formidable weapons of ground warfare
B)The Spitfire is probably the most famous plane of the Second World War
C)The first electronic programmable computer was called Colossus
D)The code-breaking work carried out at Bletchley Park has become a British legend
E)The “Goon Show" was one of the most popular radio comedy shows of post-war Britain
103-As a book collector, you should limit your interest to certaingenres, themes or nationalities of authors. For example, sciencefiction, Russian literature, cinema books or books on World War I. …………. Subsequent editions, on the other hand, generally have little value,and editions issued by book clubs are worthless.
A)Choose the first topic that comes into your mind
B)Normally, the most valuable books are first editions
C)Perhaps science fiction books are the most valuable
D)Books need protection from humidity and dryness
E)Modern books can be found almost everywhere now
104-Climatologists predict that a doubling of carbon dioxide and othergases in the atmosphere will occur over the next l00years. ………. . Thisis an average rate much higher than at any time in the last 10,000years.
A)Likewise, a drop in the ability to handle the effects of these chemicals may occur
B)However, other scientists foresee a much greater increase in nitrous oxide
C)It might not produce any noticeable effect on the global environmental situation
D)The level of these gases could become a serious threat to all known forms of life
E)This would lead to a rise in the Earth's temperature between 1 and 3.5 degrees
105-The number of people who go to the cinema has declined since thegreat days of Hollywood in the 1930s and '40s. The most likely cause isthe ever-growing population of television. ……….. . Perhaps thisreviving interest is because the cinema today is truly international,with films being made and distributed all over the world, andreflecting many different interests and cultures.
A)There is new evidence to show that the cinema audience is gradually returning, though
B)The most famous producer of the time was Samuel Goldwin
C)Colour films were first made in the late 193Os, the most famous of which is undoubtedly "Gone with the Wind"
D)The stars of those days like Clark Gable and mien Leigh, still fascinate us decades later
E)Thus the largest film industry today is not in Hollywood, but in Bombay
106-One of the biggest factors affecting the pattern of trade has beenthe creation of the European Community and other similar groups oftrading countries. These have been designed to make it easier andcheaper to move goods about within the group…………., which is a kind oftax that countries charge on goods coming into the country. This makesgoods imported from outside the group more expensive than goods fromwithin the group.
A)Many additional jobs were created when the European Community established its headquarters in Brussels
B)Another example is ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
C)The main way this is done is by the member countries agreeing to a common external tariff
D)NATO is completely different because it is a purely military grouping
E)European Community citizens can move about freely between the member countries
107-Alien Ginsberg, who died in 1997 in New York, formed the BeatGeneration of the 1950s along with William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.Ginsberg first captured public attention in 1956 with 'Howl', a longpoem that raged against a conformist society. ………… . Thesenon-conformist activities para1el his work, for which he drew hisinspiration from yoga, Buddhism, Native American mysticism, and Torah,and U.S. poets like William Carlos Williams.
A)He was active in both the hippie and anti-war movements
B)Some people consider them to have been the forerunners of the hippies
C)It was the Vietnam. War that brought about the counter-cultural movement known as the hippies
D)Rock groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones all joined in the counter-culture movement
E)Burroughs and Kerouac were novelists
108-Captain Matthew Webb swam the English Channel from Dover to Calais,……….. . For 22 hours, he swam the high seas. Although he lived to tellabout it, he was not so lucky eight years later, when he drowned tryingto swim the Niagara River.
A)becoming the first person to do so without a life Jacket
B)while sitting aboard a 75-foot French-made yacht
C)unfortunately, he had a fatal accident on the return trip to Calais
D)and managed to accomplish this in less than half a day
E)eight years before a similar achievement on the Niagara River
109-Luigi Galvani was an Italian physiologist who investigated therelationship between electrical currents and animal tissue. ........,and so is the galvanometer, an instrument which is used to detect andmeasure electrical currents.
A)He invented the first practical electrical switches
B)The verb “galvanize" is derived from his name
C)He was arrested for animal cruelty in 1798
D)He learnt how electricity is related to nerves
E)The Catholic Church condemned Galvani's activities
110-........ . Very occasionally it can get completely out of control,as it did in Germany in the 192Os, when people had to take baskets fullof notes to buy a loaf of bread. In China in the 1930s, people eatingin restaurants always paid before they ate, in case the price of themeal rose as they were eating. Today, no place in the world is quitethat bad, but inflation can be a serious problem for people on fixedincomes, like those living on a pension.
A)A police state is one in which democracy does not exist and people have few or no personal freedoms
B)"Deflation", the opposite of inflation, refers to a fall in prices, but is a very unusual situation
C)There are several examples in history of completely militarised societies
D)A situation where prices keep rising is called "inflation"
E)Money has no value in itself; it is only valuable as a medium of exchange
111-People once thought that the Earth was flat and that you could falloff the edge. Most of us now think of the planet as a sphere, althoughit is more accurately described as an "oblate spheroid", beingflattened at the poles and bulging at the Equator. …………. . On the otherhand, unlike an onion, each layer of the Earth is made of a differentmaterial.
A)Though this flattening and bulging can be measured. it cannot be seen from a spacecraft
B)It is quite useful to think of the Earth, as being rather like an onion, that is, a ball made of different layers
C)The Earth is sometimes compared to an onion, but onions tend to be pointed rather than flattened at the "poles"
D)A lemon, for example, is just the opposite shape from that of the Earth
E)If you were to slice the Earth down the middle, it would not, in fact, look anything like an onion
112-When there are too many predators, not enough resources and a greatdeal of competition, an animal population dies .............. . Thiscan be just as bad. Such a population explosion happened when the browntree snake arrived on Guam in the cargo of a military plane 50 yearsago. The ecosystem was not ready for the reptilian assault, and thesnake had no natural competitors or enemies there. As a result,virtually every songbird on Guam has been eaten by the snakes.
A)A number of species have become extinct within living memory
B)But when the opposite occurs, the population explodes
C)No one likes to see an animal population die out
D)Mankind can help protect endangered species
E)This sort of pattern is often found in small environments like islands
113-Once upon a time in Britain, food was something you simply ate.Industrialised early, Britain became a country of cities and factorieswell before the continent, and Britons got used to eating from tins. Inthe 40s and 50s, 15 years of war rations solidified the tradition. Foodwas eaten, but it was not talked about. ……….. . Food has become anational obsession.
A)It will probably always be that way
B)We know from novels that the British ate more interesting things before the industrial age
C)Nevertheless, English cheeses are not as bad
D)Most people feel that the less said about English food, the better
E)However, now the British seem to talk about nothing else.
114-Niagara Falls, on the Canada-USA border, must be one of the mostphotographed spots in the world. ……… . The Horseshoe Falls on theCanadian side of the border is much the larger of the two. As the nameindicates, it is a large semicircle. The American Falls, slightlyhigher than the Horseshoe Falls, is almost in a straight line. Nineteentimes as much water flows over the Canadian falls as over the Americanones.
A)People have gone over Niagara Falls in a barrel as a stunt
B)One reason is that it is a favourite honeymoon spot
C)It is actually two separate waterfalls
D)The border between the US and Canada is said to be the longest unguarded border in the world
E)Some scientists are worried about the effects of erosion on the falls
115-A mineral can be regarded as a solid material with a fixed chemicalcomposition and having elements that are similar throughout. This ishow minerals differ from rocks. ……….. . Granite, for example, is madeup mostly of three minerals - quartz, feldspar and mica. These threeminerals, however, are not always present in the same quantities.
A)Minerals always have the same composition and structure, while rocks are usually made up of a mixture of minerals
B)It is particularly interesting to note that about half the Earth's crust is made up of oxygen
C)Except for agricultural products, most of our raw materials come from minerals found in rocks
D)One of the first things you might notice about a mineral is its colour, though this can be misleading
E)Analysing such bodies as meteorites, we find that the Earth isprobably largely made up of iron, oxygen, silicon and magnesium in thatorder
116-Branches of the same family, the Czechs and the Slovaks speaksimilar tongues. Slovaks endured Hungarian rule for most of theirhistory; Czechs enjoyed power and influence before bending to Habsburgcontrol. …….. . In the "velvet Revolution" of 1989, they rejoiced inthe same victory over 41 years of Communist rule. Yet barely two yearslater, they had sued for a "velvet divorce", splitting the country intothe Czech and Slovak Republics.
A)Hitler invaded part of Czechoslovakia in World War II
B)At one time, a part of the present-day Ukraine was included in Czechoslovakia
C)The most famous Czech literary figure is 'The Good Soldier Schveik"
D)After World War I, a free nation composed of the two of them, Czechoslovakia, was created
E)Religion is said to be more important for the Slovaks than for the Czechs
117-ln the year 1906, San Francisco was wrecked by an earthquake. Theearthquake was the result of movement along the San Andreas Fault,which runs for almost 1300 kilometres along the west coast of America.It seems as if the whole floor of the Pacific Ocean was shiftednorthwards by a distance of about 6 metres. ………. . A great deal of thedamage was, however, not caused directly by the earthquake itself, butby the flees that raged as gas mains were severed.
A)Tokyo is another city which often suffers from earthquakes
B)It is very likely that the San Andreas Fault may move again
C)Architectural advances have meant that there are more and more earthquake-proof buildings
D)This apparently small lateral movement of rock was enough to kill 700 people and to cause a huge amount of damage
E)Earthquakes are shockwaves that spread out in all directions from the source when rocks are suddenly and violently disturbed
118-Pyramids have been built in many parts of the world, but the mostfamous are in Egypt. …….. . Known as the Step Pyramid because of itsunusual stepped shape, it was the world's first large all-stonestructure. The largest of the Egyptian pyramids is the Great Pyramid ofthe pharaoh Cheops at Gisa, which is made of over 2 million stoneblocks, each weighing from two to fifteen tons. It took approximately23 years to build this massive structure.
A)Before this, the dead were buried in smaller stone structures called mastabas
B)The first was built more than four thousand years ago as his tomb by a pharaoh named Zoser
C)Every year thousands of tourists visit the pyramids of Giza
D)Some people believe that pyramids have magical properties
E)The civilisation of ancient Egypt was one of the most stable in world history
119-Alexandra David-Neel spent many years in Tibet and was the first European to visit various parts of that mysterious
land. ………. . However, she never hesitated to push on and continue hertravels. Her heroic adventures were fully documented in a number ofbooks and articles she published in English and French.
A)Her husband provided her with money to carry out her explorations
B)As a young person, Alexandra dreamed of travelling to faraway places
C)She was the first European woman who was allowed to meet the Dalai Lama
D)Some of the hardships and hazards she faced were unbelievably difficult
E)She spoke the Tibetan language and often travelled disguised as a peasant woman
120- A defining event of the century came in 1913 when Henry Fordopened his assembly line. Ordinary people could now afford a Model T.From now on, products were mass-produced and mass-marketed, with allthe centralisation and conformity that entails. ………. . In reaction tothis standardisation, a modernist rebellion against conformitymotivated art, music, literature, fashion, and even behaviour for muchof the century.
A)Everyone was so happy with this situation that there was no disapproval of it
B)With the ever increasing standard of living, today almost everyone in the United States has a car
C)Products were distributed or broadcast in standard form from central facilities to millions of people
D)This obviously means that almost everyone is happier than ever before
E)Today. countries prefer to concentrate on the production of a few items rather than many
121-Some of the best discoveries are accidental. Until the 18405, forexample, rubber was not a very useful material because it was too stiffin cold weather and too soft in hot weather. An American named CharlesGoodyear tried to solve this problem by mixing rubber and sulphur, butthe experiment failed. ……… . Though he patented the process, which weknow today as "vulcanised rubber", it was so simple that many otherscopied it.
A)One day, he spilt his mixture on a hot stove, and this gave him just the substance he was alter
B)Since he could not create the .substance he wanted, he went bankrupt and died penniless
C)Today he is remembered because of the tyres that bear his name
D)Natural rubber comes from the sap of a tree that has been very carefully cut
E)Then he had an accident and burned himself so badly that he had to stop his search for a long time
122-Before the Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the UnitedStates had suffered an economic depression roughly every twenty years.This was regarded by business leaders as natural. …………. . Yet theeconomic stabilisers of the New deal - social security, minimum wage,unemployment compensation, for example - have preserved the countryagainst major depressions for more than half a century. Roosevelt'smost significant domestic achievement was to have saved capitalism fromthe capitalists.
A)Roosevelt was elected president four times, more than any other US president in history
B)Roosevelt's "New Deal" was loudly denounced by these business leaders at the time
C)The Great Depression which began in 1929 was finally ended by World War II
D)Ordinary workers, on the other hand, suffered unemployment and severe hardship
E)A whole folklore has grown up around the economic hard times of the 1930s
123-……….. . Once language had developed, men were able to exchangethoughts and ideas. Perhaps most important of all, they were able tocooperate in improving their living conditions. The written word cameafter the spoken word, and enabled people to record their thoughts andtheir discoveries for future generations to study.
A)It is-remarkable that so many different languages have developed in the world
B)Children below the age of puberty are far more able to learn languages than adults are
C)The languages of the world are divided into many different families
D)It's man's ability to communicate that has helped him to progress to his present highly civilised state
E)Experiments have shown that other animals, such as dolphins, are able to communicate using language
124-One of the wonders of modern medicine is spare-part surgery. Thisenables many of our joints to be replaced by man-made ones of stainlesssteel alloys, or plastics. A common joint replacement is that of thehip, but others such as elbow, shoulder and knee joints can also bereplaced with artificial ones. The materials used in spare-part surgeryhave to be inert. ……….. . It would be very unpleasant to end up with arusty hip joint.
A)That is, they mustn't cause the body's natural defences to reject them, and the materials must not corrode
B)People from as recently as a century ago would be amazed by what can be done now
C)Though artificial arms and legs have been common for centuries, these internal replacements are a new innovation
D)Modern surgery is able to cure most kinds of cancer if they are detected early enough
E)In spare parts for household appliances, of course, this is far less important
125-Medicine has been described as an art that makes use of all thesciences. Its purpose is to maintain the body in good health, torelieve pain, mend injury, and help prolong life. ………… . When we areill, however, we know that we can get expert treatment from our doctorsor specialists.
A)In some countries people commonly suffer from diseases that have long been controlled or eradicated in the West
B)Some surgical techniques which we think of as modern were in fact practised by the ancient Egyptians
C)This is perhaps why there is so much controversy today over euthanasia, or "mercy killing"
D)Today most of us take our health for granted, and if we are young, we probably never think about being ill
E)Its development has led to greater life expectancies in most parts of the world
126-Radiocarbon dating works by measuring an object for an element called carbon 14, traces of which are contained in all
organic substances. …………. . This is possible because, although theamount present an living organisms remains nearly constant, whenanimals and plants die, their level of carbon 14 begins to decrease ata known, fixed rate. Thus the amount of remaining carbon 14 in anobject provides a measurement of its age.
A)When it was used on the Turin shroud, supposedly dating from the timeof Jesus, it was found to date only from the 13th century
B)Certain religious fundamentalists do not accept radiocarbon datingbecause it shows the' world to lie older than they believe it to be
C)Archaeologists use radiocarbon dating to discover the age of ancient items
D)Wood from the bristlecone pine has been used to correct the carbon 14 dating system
E)Scientists must be very careful in choosing their samples for radiocarbon dating
127-As anyone who follows rugby football knows, the game in SouthAfrica is hard fought and tough. During the apartheid era, it was thewhites-only Springboks, the national team, probably more than any otherSouth African institution, which came to symbolise a divided society.………. . After the Springboks defeated New Zealand in the World Cup finalin 1995, South Africa's blacks cheered instead of jeered, and ajubilant Nelson Mandela even wore one of the green and gold Springbokjerseys, once so symbolic of white supremacy.
A)Now a game enjoyed equally by blacks and whites, rugby has helped with the country's reconciliation
B)For much of the apartheid era, South Africa was under an international sports boycott
C)Cricket is another sport that few blacks in South Africa have played at international level
D)Today some of the worst officials of the apartheid era are having to answer for their crimes
E)Considering the small population of the islands, Samoa produces a remarkable number of good rugby players
128-……………. . The pessimists complain that the computer revolution hasgone about as far as it can go. They argue that the size of the atom -and the electrons that surround it - puts a limit on how manytransistors can be squeezed onto the surface of a silicone chip. Theoptimists believe that chips will keep getting smaller and faster at apredictable rate, traditionally a doubling of capacity every 18 months.Because the optimists have been right, the computer industry has beenextremely successful.
A)There are optimists and pessimists in all walks of life
B)Computer engineers speak a language that no one else can understand
C)Originally there were many different kinds of computer operating systems, but now two types dominate the industry
D)Computer scientists tend to fall into two camps: the optimists and the pessimists
E)No one, not even the optimists, predicted the computer revolution of the late 20th century
129-Speaking in public may be more than just terrifying. The stress maybe deadly. A new US study has found that people whose hearts showominous signs of poor circulation during such mental challenges facetriple the usual risk of death in the years to come. Often people withbad hearts suffer chest pain during physical exertion. The reason forthis is obvious. …………….. . Over the past decade, however, it has becomeclear that mental exertion can also overwork the heart, although oftenwithout pain.
A)People with high risk factors should have regular checkups
B)Smoking is another risk factor for heart patients
C)This creates a problem since it is important that heart patients get an appropriate amount of exercise
D)Their clogged arteries cannot supply enough blood to their heart muscle
E)Everyone who has ever had to give a speech has probably suffered from a certain amount of nervousness
130-Globally, tuberculosis is among the biggest killers of young peopleand adults. In India, half a million people die from the disease eachyear. ………….. , when India adopted a strategy known as DOTS, or"directly observed treatment strategy" to combat the disease. DOTSinvolves an intensive system of monitoring and supervision which tracksthe diagnosis, progress and outcome of every patient treated.
A)One reason is that homes often have no chimneys as a way to conserve heat
B)However, the death rate has come down dramatically since the 1 980s
C)In Japan, tuberculosis has always been considered an extremely romantic way to die
D)A chest X-ray can reveal spots, or dots on the lungs, which are an early symptom of tuberculosis
E)A new strategy can bring down the death rate quite dramatically
131-In Britain, about two million people, mostof whom are drivers, are so seriously illiterate that they cannot reada road sign. Twenty percent of all Britons are unable to read somethingso basic as the Yellow pages. …………… . Yet the problem is significantamong young people too. One in five 19-year-olds have such difficultyin reading and writing that all but unskilled work is closed to them.In all of Europe, only Poland and Ireland have lower literacy rates.
A)People over 55 are the most seriously affected with illiteracy
B)This is a problem among young people as well as older people
C)In some schools, metal detectors are used to make sure students do not have guns
D)In spite of the difficulty of its language, Japan has one of the highest literacy rates in the world
E)This means they will have trouble phoning the places they need to phone
132-Thailand is an immensely fertile land andthe society has traditionally drawn strength from agriculture. For thevisitor, the fascination with this agricultural society lies in theenormous variety of fruits, vegetables, spices and flowers that arecultivated. …………. . Indeed, it has been recognised in the last fewyears that Thai food ranks as one of the world's great culinary arts.
A)Orchids are particularly beautiful in Thailand
B)Excellent fruit is cheap and abundant at all times of the year
C)Historically, the north-eastern part of Thailand has been known for livestock production
D)It is the availability of such a variety of fresh produce that makes Thai cuisine so rich and varied
E)For more than a century, rice has been the leading export, followed at a distance by rubber
133-…………. . Wet, well-washed hands cantransmit as many as 60,000 bacteria, while dry, well-washed handstransmit just 200. Moisture is a perfect vehicle for microorganisms,and as it's impossible to get hands perfectly clean by washing anyway,it's better to prevent the spread of germs by drying hands properly.
A)Many people have had flu this winter and doctors are advising us to take preventative measures
B)In most modern cultures, people prefer to bath or shower at least once a day to keep clean
C)Drying your hands thoroughly is more important for hygiene than careful washing
D)If you wash using a good soap, you should be able to get your hands completely clean
E)From a young age, children should be taught to wash their hands before they eat anything
134-…………… . Had it not been for the friendlyIndians, the colonists would never have survived the terrible winters.From them, they learnt to build canoes for water transportation, and tomake snowshoes and toboggans for winter travelling. It was also fromthe Native Americans that they learnt of the typical foods such asmaize, squash, beans, and pumpkins.
A)The British first arrived in India in the late 16th century
B)The Spanish conquerors were interested in only one thing: gold
C)Though the winters in the northern parts of North America can beharsh, they are no worse than those in parts of northern Europe
D)When the Europeans in America began to move west, they drove the native Americans before them, taking their land as they went
E)When the English settlers first arrived in North America, the hardships they experienced were totally unexpected
135-The plant cyclamen is known as "shepherd'ssoap."………… . They would take the bulbs of the plant, cut them intopieces and rub their clothes with them. The stuff in the plants workedin the same way that today’s detergents do.
A)Despite the abundance of the flowers, it is worth taking a close look at one of the cyclamen
B)The cyclamen also contains a poisonous material which was known and used by the Romans
C)Cyclamen leaves were often used in the past, before the plant became a protected species
D)The cyclamen bulb contains a foaming material which villagers used to wash their clothes
E)The legend says after the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, the cyclamen bowed their heads in mourning
136-Alan still held the frying pan in hishand. The whites of his eyes glinted in the light of the oil lamp.………., but at that moment his son, Peter, came into the room, and Alanlowered the pan and rearranged his face into a less manic pattern. Hiswife, Esther, took the frightened look off her face, straightened up,and smiled at her son maternally.
A)Peter was six foot two, some six inches taller than his father and had short blond hair
B)It seemed for a moment that he was going to throw the omelette full into his wife's face
C)The washing up seemed to continue without end, and the pan Just wouldn't come clean
D)He was trying to decide exactly what he should cook for dinner and how to prepare it
E)The school uniform he was obliged to wear did not succeed in making him look like a child
137-………. .The former, an instrumental styleused for early forms of modern social dancing, flourished from theearly 1890s to 1910. The blues was a vocal style of music developed inthe late 1800s. This usually consisted of a sad song, sung by a singlevoice in slow time. In the early 19005 blues singers were accompaniedby ragtime bands. This combination of styles became jazz.
A)America has produced many interesting types of music
B)The saxophone and the trumpet play an important role in music
C)New Orleans in the US was the birthplace of blues music
D)Folk music in America has had an interesting history
E)The immediate sources of Jazz are ragtime and blues
138-………….. . It costs nearly a milliondollars, and is more expensive to run than Concorde. There are just 10of them in Britain and fewer than a hundred in the world. It is theonly car for use on public roads to be designed with a limitlessbudget. With its six-litre V-12 engine it reaches 96 kilometres perhour in just 3 seconds and has an astonishing speed of 384 kph.
A)The world's most expensive car is the McLaren Fl
B)A private helicopter, while more convenient, is more expensive than a private plane
C)Though it is expensive a private plane is a reasonable option for rich and busy businessmen
D)The hydrofoil is one of the latest Innovations in public transport
E)This is one of the few original works by Leonardo da Vinci still in existence
139-"The Lost World" Is the title of an adventure story written by the late Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of
Sherlock Holmes. ……… . There they found and battled with the dinosaur-the Stegosaurus, the Brontosaurus and various other creatures that hadmysteriously survived in this primitive land.
A)He wrote the book after he travelled to a number of Pacific Islands, including the Galapagos Islands
B)There is a part of Venezuela now known as The Lost World which is full of strange animals
C)It tells of a group of people who explored a wilderness in which man had never before set foot
D)'The Lost World," however, failed to sell well so Doyle returned to writing detective fiction
E)Sherlock Holmes is a marvellous amateur detective who always unravels the most baffling mysteries
140-When the pre-Raphaelites became part ofthe British art scene in the mid-19th century, they became the mosttalked-about movement in contemporary culture. The popularity of thestyle of such leading male artists as Dante Gabriel Rossetti, EdwardBurne-Jones and others is greater now than ever . …………. . It is nowtime for a reassessment of these forgotten artists.
A)Christina Rossetti. a notable poet of the time was the model for many paintings by her brother Dante and his artist friends
B)Some of their images are truly unforgettable
C)Their works are reproduced on calendars posters and even on plates and saucers
D)But despite the crucial role that women artists played in the movement, their achievement has largely been ignored
E)After the Impressionists they are probably the best-remembered artists of the 19th century
141-In many parts of Asia folk jewellery themost dazzling expression of material culture, has disappeared in thewake of modernisation. In Nepal, however, where the Himalayas haveformed a barrier to outsiders for centuries, native jewellerytraditions remain strong. ……….. . Lavish pieces, are worn to celebratemarriage or promote fertility, while amulets are worn to fight offnegative influences.
A)A rich artistic and cultural tradition has developed that often includes both Hindu and Buddhist themes
B)There, Jewellery is usually worn for decoration. or as a religious expression
C)This is an important attraction for tourists
D)In Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Hindus and Buddhists often worship at the same temples
E)In neighbouring Tibet, Jewellery is often made of coral, since centuries ago Tibet was actually at the bottom of the sea
142-……….. . At first, actors had to managewith crude, makeshift stages in ruins or barns, but it soon turned outthat their efforts were well worth the hardships. It seemed as if thewhole nation was turning to the theatre for advice and comfort in themidst of the catastrophe that had come down on them.
A)The Allied conquest of Germany resulted in the destruction of most public buildings
B)German authors returned from exile with poems and novels ready in their bags
C)By 1953 no fewer than 168 new theatres had been opened in western Germany
D)The public had developed a strong craving for whatever the outside world could offer
E)Almost immediately after the defeat in 1945 a rebirth of German theatre began
143-One of the dominating astronomicaldiscoveries of the 20th century was the realisation that the galaxiesof the universe all seem to be moving away from us. ……….. . In otherwords, the universe seems to be expanding. Hence, scientists concludethat the universe must once, very long ago, have been extremely compactand dense.
A)The explosion of matter giving birth to the universe is called the Big Bang
B)As a result of all this movement, the universe seems to be getting smaller
C)Scientists do not know if there is a limit to this pattern of movement
D)It turned out that they are not just moving away from us, but also from each other
E)As yet, scientists have not been able to understand what this motion means
144-King Arthur was the king of Britain inwhat is known as the Arthurian legend. ………….. . However, it is probablethat, of the many persons who figure in the Arthurian legend, he is theonly one who actually may have done so. If so, he was born in the late400s, was king and led the Britons in war against the invadingAnglo-Saxons
A)These are the stories of the knights of the Round Table
B)There is little evidence to say that he existed
C)Storytellers have been telling these stories for hundreds of years
D)This cycle of stories comes from Celtic mythology
E)He was married to Queen Guinevere and had a magic sword
145-At the top of the world lie not one pole,but two. ……….. . This pole is not fixed, but slowly wanders. Today itis on Prince William Island, an area rich in minerals, forests andanimal life. The other, the geographic North Pole, on end of the axison which the Earth spins , is in a wilderness of ice and snow, a deadregion which can barely support life.
A)One is the Magnetic North Pole, to which all compass needles point
B)Finally, in 1909, an American, Robert Peary, readied the Pole
C)The same is true of the Antarctic regions, where there are two south poles
D)The centre of this vast ice-covered Arctic Ocean is known as the Pole of inaccessibility
E)It is not land at all, but a thin crust of ice over the Arctic Ocean
146-In the past, among the Englisharistocracy, it was the custom to present boys with a sword and a setof pipes when they came of age. But the pipes were not new when the boyreceived them. ………… . Over the years they matured, losing the bittertaste of the wood and improving their ability to absorb the nicotine.So by the time the boy was old enough to smoke, he was the proudpossessor of a set of fine mature pipes.
A)On the other hand, the sword was always brand new and specially designed
B)The boys were not regarded as mature enough to deserve a new set of pipes
C)Boys who chose to smoke before coming of age had to smoke cigarettes
D)They were bought when the child was born and handed to a servant to smoke
E)This was in case the young man decided he didn't want to be a pipe smoker
147-Palmistry experts claim the hand is a'road map' for life events. ………….. . If it goes straight up to themiddle finger, success will be slow but sure. If it curves to runparallel with another line, expect a major change by your 30s. If itcurves towards your index finger you are career-driven and if it curvestowards your ring finger, you are extrovert
A)This is similar to other methods of telling the future, such as the reading of coffee grounds
B)Your life line, your head line and your heart line are some of the important lines in palmistry
C)To find your fate line, study your writing hand and find the line running from the base up
D)The length, depth and direction of the lines on your hand all provide information about you
E)Whether this is true or not is arguable, but studying the lines on your hand can be enjoyable
148-…………. . This instrument breaks down thelight in a star into its component colours. Each colour represents oneelement that has become incandescent; that is, it has become so hotthat it gives off light. Through the use of the spectroscope, it hasbeen found that stars, including the Sun, have 66 of the 92 elementsfound on the Earth.
A)in this respect, stars differ from the moon and planets, which shine only by reflecting the Sun's light
B)Telescopes and sensitive photographic plates show that there are many millions of stars
C)The composition of the Sun, as well as that of other stars, is determined by means of a spectroscope
D)Because these elements have been heated to incandescence, stars are said to be self-luminous
E)In addition to the 92 naturally-occurring elements, twenty others have been produced in laboratories
149-………… . Instead, it ended in tragedy just27 minutes after the chartered commuter plane took off from Montreal'sDorval Airport on June 18. By the time the plane came to a fiery haltafter an emergency landing at Mirabel Airport, there appeared littlethe rescue workers could do. Although fire-fighters managed to put outthe flames, all 11 people on board died.
A)It was to have been a routine flight from Montreal to Peterborough for a group of engineers
B)Nine minutes alter take-off, the pilot Jean Provencher, radioed air traffic with engine trouble
C)What is now clear is that the passengers and crew of Flight 420 faced a truly horrible ordeal
D)It was the worst aeroplane crash in Canada since 1989, when 24 people died in Dryden, Ontario
E)The pilot reported ten minutes later that the plane's left engine had suddenly burst into flame
150-Last year, when be was passing through acrisis, my Uncle Ben showed me a cartoon by Charles Addams. ……….. . Ididn't feel like analysing the carton. He insisted. He talked about itwith such enthusiastic interest that I felt like having the thingframed for his birthday. Hang it on the wall and be done with it. Ithought.
A)I was looking forward to visiting him again sometime
B)Uncle had been having a lot of problems since his wife had died in an accident at work
C)My uncle was none other than Benjamin Crader, the world famous botanist
D)What he meant was that I had been born and had grown up in France, outside Paris
E)It was an ordinary cartoon, good for a smile, but Uncle wanted to discuss it in depth
151-Six times as many young people killthemselves in Canada's North-western territories than in the rest ofthe country. However, youth suicide was almost unknown until the 197Os.There is a reasonable explanation as to the causes of this increase.The majority of people who live in this sparsely populated province areof either Inuit Eskimo or Dene Indian descent. ................... .They are now living in permanent settlements, jobs are scarce and thesense of worthlessness which youngsters feel all too often leads todepression.
A)In Inuit society, the elderly might wander off to save their families from the burden of caring for them
B)Although this people of the north are widely called Eskimos, the name they use for themselves is Inuit
C)The premier's brother committed suicide in October 1979, after being sent to prison for theft
D)After four Inuit boys killed themselves within 3 months in 1988, volunteers set up a crisis line
E)The changes these traditionally nomadic people have had to face has caused huge social disruption
152-……….. . Indeed, in 1783, volcaniceruptions destroyed nearly 9000 lives - an overwhelming disaster. Thelargest volcano in the country, Hekla, in the south, has made thenearby countryside a desert, owing to the dust and boiling lava that ithurls out from time to time. Its last great eruption occurred in 1845.
A)Iceland's active volcanoes have always been a threat
B)Iceland's natural wonders include geysers and hot springs
C)Around the coast of Iceland, there are many islands
D)Most volcanoes have a conical shape and some form islands
E)A volcano is a mountain formed by the eruption of lava
153-The map of the London Underground, whichcan be seen on every train, on all stations, on the back of the LondonA-Z guide, on tea cloths on sale at the London Transport Museum, onposters, in diaries and in various other places, has been called amodel of its kind, a work of art. ………… . They paid him £5.25 for it.
A)It represents the Underground as a geometric grid, and is not done accurately to scale
B)The tube lines do not, of course, lie at right angles to each other like Manhattan's streets
C)It was designed by Henry Beck and first used by London Transport on posters in 1933
D)It has been reproduced in millions and served as a model for metro maps all over the world
E)London's famous Victoria Station is named after Queen Victoria
154-……. . From there, waves of theseIndo-European tribes began to wander southeast into Iran and India,southwest to the Balkans and western Europe and northwards toScandinavia. Wherever they went, the Indo-Europeans assimilated withthe local culture, although their language came to play an importantrole.
A)The ancient Indian Veda scriptures and Greek philosophy are written in related languages
B)By Indo-Europeans, we mean all the nations and cultures that use Indo-European languages
C)English and Hindi are both Indo-European languages, while neither Turkish nor Finnish are
D)About 49000 years ago, the Indo-Europeans lived in areas bordering the Black and Caspian Seas
E)The culture of the Indo-Europeans was influenced most of all by their belief in many gods
Answer Key
1C 2E 3A 4C 5D 6A 7E 8B 9C 10D 11E 12B 13D 14E 15C 16B 17B 18E 19C 20D21E 22B 23C 24C 25D 26E 27E 28A 29E 30D 31B 32B 33A 34C 35B 36D 37A 38E39B 40B 41E 42E 43B 44A 45D 46E 47D 48E 49A 50B 51E 52C 53E 54D 55B 56A57C 58C 59E 60B 61D 62C 63B 64A 65B 66C 67D 68B 69E 70A 71C 72C 73B 74E75D 76E 77D 78C 79E 80B 81C 82A 83A 84D 85E 86E 87D 88B 89B 90D 91E 92B93A 94A 95C 96A 97C 98D 99E 100B 101E 102C 103B 104E 105A 106C 107A108A 109B 110D 111B 112B 113E 114C 115A 116D 117D 118B 119D 120C 121A122B 123D 12DA 125D 126C 127A 128D 129D 130B 131A 132D 133C 134E 135D136B 137E 138A 139C 140D 141B 142E 143D 144B 145A 146D 147C 148C 149A150E 151E 152A 153C 154D
Konu: İngilizce testi ( 154 soru ve cevap anahtarı ile birlikte ) (Okunma sayısı 645 defa)
Nisan 02, 2008, 10:59:55 ÖS
